No. 3 (2022): Architecture, Construction, Transport

In recent decades, the hot topic of urban planning is the reconstruction of existing development, increasing the quality of the
environment to improve a number of social, urban planning and economic indicators. Attention to this topic is due to the poor quality of the urban environment, the potential accidence of housing, high maintenance costs, and accumulated incomplete repair.

The authors review the technology of low-rise construction in Russia and other countries: frame-type and frameless, panel, space-block and others types of housing construction. The article describes the structural schemes of buildings. The building materials used in the construction of low-rise buildings to ensure the comfort of living, environmental protection and energy efficiency have been investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of low-rise development have been identified. A review of low-rise buildings from foreign and Russian practice has been presented.

The authors consider the issue of calculating buildings and structures for resistance to progressive collapse. The list of normative literature for making calculations has been given. The classification of buildings and structures according to the degree of responsibility has been presented. Based on it an analysis of the calculation requirements depending on the appropriate level has been made. The tasks that the designer must solve before starting the calculation for progressive collapse have been outlined. The stages of calculating buildings and structures for progressive collapse are presented in a quasi-static setting. Based on these stages, a sequential algorithm of actions that allows to calculate the resistance to progressive collapse has been obtained. Taking into account the results of this research, the concept of "resistance to progressive collapse" has been defined. A conclusion about the requirements that must be met to tell after the calculation that
resistance to progressive collapse is ensured, has been formed.

This article discusses the main ways to solve the problem associated with limited information about the parameters of traffic flows on the network of streets at the stage of development of construction project drawings and specifications for streets with irregular transport demand. The task was to interpret the data obtained through remote monitoring, in the equations of finding the intensity on the streets with an irregular traffic. During the experiments, a large volume of statistical data was obtained. Based on it graphical models of dependencies of traffic intensity and population density were developed. The mathematical description of the graphical data was presented as the particular equations that took into account the differential influence of significant factors in areas of various functional purposes. The reasonability of using the developed functions is determined by the possibility of finding the required characteristics with minimal expenses of resources. A formalized model of multifactor dependence based on the synthesis of particular equations and took into account all selected parameters, has been proposed. The conclusion on the future research was formed, namely about the possibility of testing the equations or the settlements of near and far abroad and the calculation of the economic evaluation to replace the existing methods. 

The article discusses the use of numerical modeling methods of snow-wind flow transfer processes to determine the locations of snow protection constructions. The numerical algorithm also includes computer processing of meteorological data and a digital model of topography. Based on this approach, an analysis of the placement of snowretaining fences along a section of snow-covered road was made.

The article deals with the issues of changing the urban mobility in the case of the introduction of toll for car owners on urban roads. A mathematical model of the influence of the cost of the 1 km road travel on the number and share of movements by transport types and movement modes has been developed. The analysis of changes in the structure of population mobility and traffic parameters for the morning time, calculated using a simulation macromodel of Tyumen in the program PTV VISUM is given. With the introduction of tolls on the city road network with a tariff of 30 rubles per 1 km the share of movements by passenger cars is reduced from 40 to 16 %.

This article deals with the use of electric drive in the design of mobile road construction vehicles. Despite the fact that electric drive has been used in machine engineering for a long time (span type cranes, tower cranes, machines), this type of drive is not widely used in specialized equipment (single-bucket excavators, bulldozers, single-bucket loaders, etc.). At the same time, based on scientific evidence, the electric drive has been used more and more often in the car engineering. Clearly, the use of electric drives in road construction machines has not been sufficiently investigated and therefore it's limited. This is due to a number of factors associated with the features (a large mass, changes in technological processes of work) and operating conditions (natural, climatic, road) of this road machinery. This must be taken into account in the development of road construction vehicles with an electric drive to improve the efficiency of their use. The authors analyzed the characteristics of machines with electric drive, determined the functional dependences, and based on this made the main conclusions. 

Construction industry of Russia according to a number of federal initiatives is preparing to transit to information modeling technologies. This article considers the basic key concepts of digital transformation (information model and Common Data Environment), reveals the importance and necessity of using the Common Data Environment for capital construction project participants, provides a list of existing domestic developments and describes in detail the principles of construction, the essence and main advantages of one of them (Pilot-BIM) based on the studied literature sources.