The article considers the principles of spatial settlement in the modern territory of the Yaroslavl region, urban planning and the main social and economic factors influenced the development of regional cities. From the second half of the 11th century in Russia intensified the tendency of building towns along the banks of rivers and lakes, and this one determined the peculiarities of urban planning of the region. Cities of Yaroslavl region were characterized by fan layout. During several first five-year plans Yaroslavl became one of the main industrial centers of the country. The current strategy of social and economic development of Yaroslavl region is aimed at strengthening small and medium-sized cities, taking advantage of the proximity to Moscow agglomeration.

The work considers residential buildings with administrative functions (office, commercial, banking, etc.) in the city of Tyumen of the late XIX – early XX centuries. Planning solutions and architectural and decorative details of these objects of the city's historical development are analyzed. It is established that there were mostly brick and stone two-storied residential buildings (the first floor for work, the second for the owner's living). In addition, there were common features in the facades design: the symmetrical front facade, the geometric attic on the central axis of the front facade, as well as the wide belt separating the floors. Most of these objects have survived until nowadays, but they have lost their original administrative function.

A number of studies are devoted to the urban development of settlements in the Far East, but they do not consider trade spaces as structureforming spaces, whereas they often form the framework of the city. After studying the cadastral maps of Birobidzhan, topographic survey materials, online maps and other documents, we identified five historical periods of formation of outdoor trade spaces in Birobidzhan and their architectural and planning features. The first stage was 1928-1933: the period of free development of the territory, when the trade environment was an instrument of social adaptation of the developed  space. The second was 1932-1937, when professional architects were invited to the planning and development of the city, and the market square received its official status. The third stage was 1937-1990: the period of planned development of the territory, when the planned trade environment was formed. The fourth was in the 1990s: it was the time of post-socialist transformation, the typical feature of which was self-organization of market space, the trade street reflected the crisis phenomena in the urban system. The fifth stage lasts from 2000 to the present and includes reorganization of trade spaces: demolition of old pavilions and stalls in the Central Market area, emergence of seasonal fairs as a new form of open trade in the city, concentration of small open trade spaces near the existing markets at the same time with separate functioning of large shopping centres that close the adjacent territories from street trade. The comprehensive programme for the implementation of the concept "Compact competitive city with jewish colour on the border with China" (master plan of Birobidzhan until 2030) envisages, among other things, the renovation of trade spaces. It should take into account trade as a social phenomenon.

The article presents the results of research and analysis of the general state of the architectural structures’ coloristics in historical areas of a number of cities in the south of the Tyumen region. It contains the examples of photofixation and formalized color schemes of the selected building facades, and provides a summary table of typical colors in the historical centers of cities under study. The differences in the polychromy of the studied cities and possible options for the development of the concept of coloristics of the architectural environment of these cities are determined.

The paper presents the concept of the object-spatial environment of the coastal territory and water approaches of the Peschaniy Peninsula, located within the boundaries of Vladivostok urban district. Pre-project analysis, including
photo-fixation of the current state of the territory, identification of its shortcomings and conducting a social survey, showed that it did not meet modern requirements for comfort and transport accessibility, had an aesthetically unattractive appearance. The main goal of the article was to suggest the project that would increase the quality of the urban environment and solve several problems of site improvement at once. Creating a comfortable urban environment, improving transportation accessibility of island and coastal territories, and developing tourist and recreational infrastructure are necessary for social and economic development of Vladivostok as the capital of the Far East. 

The authors consider the issues of effective brand management of Industrial University of Tyumen by developing a marketing strategy aimed at identifying tools that enhance branding and allow forming vivid mass communications of potential and actual consumers with the brand idea. To build an emotional connection with the brand, the authors suggest a creative format for presenting the university’s logo using the Tesla transformer. Particular attention is paid to the issues of rational placement of the logo in the architectural and urban ensemble of educational buildings of the university. The objectives of the pilot marketing research were to study the attitude of students and staff to the logo and other brand attributes of Industrial University of Tyumen and to identify their opinions on the proposed form of creative presentation of the logo. Analysis of the results of the study showed that it is necessary to strengthen the brand of the university by expanding the range of consumers and communications, aimed at creating a brand-oriented image of the university. This requires applying best practices for identifying and influencing its target audiences as part of an impressions marketing strategy. The creative format of the university logo fully meets the formulated needs.

The study focuses on the concept development of the architectural and structural design of intelligent (smart) buildings, which have been of increasing research interest in recent years. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that smart building was an evolution of green building. Evolutionary approach, single-level and two-level triadic decoding of system-categorial methodology, general scientific and graphic methods helped us to solve the following tasks: 1) to identify the components of the "intellectual building" definition content and reflecting its essential features; 2) to structure the main components (engineering and technical equipment, personification of space, environmental friendliness and resource saving) in the sequence of their formation in the object. The definition and structuring of the main components of an intelligent building by the method of triadic decoding allowed us to expand the idea of its essence, gave a better insight into the conceptual foundations of architectural and construction design of intelligent buildings and outlined the preconditions for its further development.

Colour plays an important role in creating a safe and informative urban environment. However, there is still a tendency towards colour monotony or, on the contrary, chaotic flashy colours in the colourism of urban space. The globalisation process in urban planning also has a negative impact and leads to the loss of individual image and recognition of modern fast-growing cities, including Tyumen. The article studies the colouristics of the city, its formation under the influence of colour culture and colour preferences of citizens. The author compares the existing methods of formation of urban environment colouristics based on a set of different factors. A special place in the study is given to regional colour culture. Its basis lies in the colour preferences of a person, certain social groups or a nation. The study of the history of colour culture in Tyumen relies on historical and qualitative methods, analysis of archival materials, various written and visual documents. The study gives examples of the influence of colour culture on the formation of urban environment colourism. Field surveys of real architectural objects in the central part of Tyumen and the analysis of changes in colour preferences caused by the change of colour carriers made it possible to identify the colouristics peculiarities in the city in certain periods of its construction. Scientific novelty consists in an in-depth  consideration of the formation of urban environment colouristics in the context of regional colour culture.

The basis of the work is the results of the historical and cultural research of inner-block buildings, including residential multistorey ones in Saint Petersburg. The author studied the history of the inner-block building at 23b Egorova Street, letter A, located in the projection of Ustinov house at 18 Izmailovsky Prospekt, that had been built as a revenue house and rented out in the early 20 century. The author also analyzed reconstructions, extensions, transformations of the building and its annexes in order to determine its historical and cultural significance and other valuable parameters. The analysis made it possible to establish the initial function of the building and to study its planning solutions typical for revenue houses of the period under consideration. According to the results, the building at 23b Egorova Street, letter A, has no memorial, historical, town-planning and architectural value, therefore, it cannot be classified as a historical building. Such studies are important both for the preservation of true cultural values and for changing the architectural appearance of the city for its future development.

Historically, Tyumen is a merchant city. Nevertheless, in the middle of the 19th century due to the development of the shipping industry, favorable environment was created for the emergence of various other production activities. This was also facilitated by the construction of the railway, which not only was of great strategic importance for the development of the city, but also led to the emergence of an interesting architectural ensemble of Tyumen station. Much of this ensemble has already been lost, but some parts have been preserved. This article will discuss the unique architecture and value of the railway station complex.

The authors review the technology of low-rise construction in Russia and other countries: frame-type and frameless, panel, space-block and others types of housing construction. The article describes the structural schemes of buildings. The building materials used in the construction of low-rise buildings to ensure the comfort of living, environmental protection and energy efficiency have been investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of low-rise development have been identified. A review of low-rise buildings from foreign and Russian practice has been presented.

Current architectural environment mostly accounts for the interests of its neurotypical users, which do not correspond with the needs of people with neurodiversity. The relevance of using certain architectural solutions for autistic people is based on their sensitivity to external stimuli, as well as
statistics with increased rates of autism diagnoses. After analyzing theoretical works of foreign researchers and architects, and taking into account modern architectural solutions for people with autism spectrum disorder, we developed a model of architectural and spatial guidelines. It was based on five types of interaction between the autistic person and space: sense of self in personal space; sense of self in public space; perception of space around self; sensory sense of space; and sensory overload. The model considers the relationship between the person and the space, and prioritizes approaches to autism-friendly design such as differentiation, zoning, gradation, linking the external and internal environment, and specific architectural solutions. This design approach will adapt autistic people to interact with the environment in future, and may have a positive impact on the other user groups through "the curb-cut effect" (a phenomenon when solutions aimed at transforming the living conditions of a specific vulnerable user group help society as a whole). The model can be applied as a guide in architectural design and can also be used for future theoretical research.

The article is devoted to the study of the building of former Nikolaevskoe city school in Tyumen. The Institute of Design, Reconstruction and Restoration of Urban Environment Objects of LLC "Tyumenproekt" under the direction of Alexander I. Klimenko carried out a comprehensive scientific study, including historical and archival and bibliographic sources, as well as materials of field research, and made the most reliable graphic reconstruction of the object. The materials of the study may become the basis for further work, including the restoration project of building and its adaptation to the modern conditions of city life.

This article explores the history and modernity of orthodox churches with a multi-level structure of liturgical spaces. The authors have defined a method of temple architecture, which consists in introducing relevant components of secular creative concepts to express the truths of Christianity through the interpretation of tradition. For the first time, the authors have identified for research a typological group of Christian churches with liturgical spaces located at various levels with their visual unification. A typology of the studied historical spatial solutions have developed. A modern understanding of the tradition development of the multi-level structure of liturgical premises involving the concept of architectural space have proposed. There were developed the compositional schemes of churches: the placement of chapels or galleries at different levels relative to the main liturgical space; the creation of a unified multi-level liturgical space with a descent to the altar; the spatial system of the semi-underground crypt and the altar.

The article discusses the regularities of urban planning development in the RSFSR, their relation to the main historical events, as well as the influence of these events on each stage of the periodization and generation of urban factors. Key factors in the transition from local-urban planning to regional planning were: the transition of private property to the status of the state, the development of industry, the transfer of all production from the frontline areas to the east during wartime, the rapid development of new sources of strategic raw materials and energy, increased trends in population growth.

The article focuses on the objects of industrial architecture of the early 20th century, in particular a number of structures of transport infrastructure in the cities of Kuzbass. Much attention is given to their planning solutions, architectural and decorative elements. The authors analise characteristic design features, the stylistics of the transition period from modern to the functional architecture of early modernism. It has been found that the time period of the erection of buildings influences on the stages of their inspection during reconstruction. This allows to specify the algorithm of restoration of objects of cultural heritage developed earlier.

The article presents a project for the renovation of the territory of the river port of Tyumen, where river transport facilities (port, marinas and berths) are located. According to preproject analysis, this area does not meet modern requirements, aesthetically unattractive; industrial facilities located on it, are abandoned, monuments of architecture and historical and cultural heritage are in a dilapidated state; there are no recreation areas, there is a haphazard pattern of residential development. The authors have developed a project for a cultural and leisure center, which includes four independent parts of the building with different functional content. Its implementation will solve a set of problems of improvement of the river port area, fill it with new functions, and thus improve the quality of the urban environment and ensure proper recreation and leisure activities of the population. This project can be implemented in other ancient cities with similar problems.

Wood-based building materials meet the basic requirements of environmentally friendly construction, which is becoming increasingly important in the modern world. However, until recently, they were rarely used in high-rise construction in Russia. CLT became a revolutionary technology, it has proven itself in countries such as Switzerland, Norway, the U.S. and others. In Russia, it has not yet found widespread use, and CLT-panels are in demand only at the market of individual housing construction. Nevertheless, taking into account the positive foreign experience can be an example and become an incentive for more active implementation of modern environmentally friendly materials and technologies in Russia. The aim of the article is to study the possibilities of highrise wooden house building in Russia based on world practice.

Certain barriers of natural or humaninduced origin inevitably arise in the structure of any city. They prevent free flow of human traffic through the urban fabric. One of these barriers is railroad. It is often the cause of negative processes that form inefficient urban planning. The purpose of the article is to determine the planning principles of organization of the passenger terminal. The article considers the main problems associated with the interjection of railway network into the structure of the city, and methods of solving them. Existing planning of Tyumen train station territory and its problematics are also described. The results of the analysis were applied in the design of a conceptual scheme for the transformation of the railway station into a transportation hub and can be used as the basis for the prospective development of the project.

The article reveals the semantic role of the architectural landscape of the capital in the process of searching for national identity and self-determination on the example of the new capital of Kazakhstan – Nur-Sultan. The genesis of the semantic code of the architectural element is determined – the turquoise dome, the features of its work in the structure of the semantic framework of the architectural environment of Nur-Sultan are analyzed. The author presents her own interpretation of the blue dome symbol as a phenomenon of the new Kazakh cultural and ideological paradigm.

The article considers the main stages of the formation of the historical towns of Tobolsk province: expeditionary, defensive, commercial and economic and the stage of capitalism. The peculiarities of urban formation of settlements in terms of topography and economics were revealed. The functional purpose of the historical centers of the region (Ishim, Tobolsk, Tyumen, and Yalutorovsk) and the nature of urban planning changes in the late XIX – early XX centuries were determined. 

The article touches upon the issues of urban planning transformations, which is due to economic realities and the state of the spaceplanning frame of the city. The territorial growth of cities in the 60s of the last century led to the creation of suburban areas, most of them are monofunctional residential areas with “moderate” urban centers and typical green areas. However, modern society requires the creation of new territories with multilayered public and business zones, residential units, educational institutions, needs to form an understandable and acceptable environment for all social and age groups. Reconstruction of territories is currently carried out mainly according to individual projects developed on the basis of plans for the development of urban areas in general and in strict accordance with zoning plans. How to organize this process for the city painlessly, what functions are needed to be foreseen and how to determine all pros and cons of the planned changes – the issues that city authorities, urban planners and developers face today everywhere, including all over the post-Soviet space and the Republic of Armenia inparticular. For reveal the topic of transformation of functional zones, the article gives the examples of the urban planning experience of the USA, Germany and France.

The study presents the concept of improvement of Molodezhniy park in Moskovskiy settlement in the Tyumen region. The object of the design was chosen taking into account the transport and pedestrian scheme of the settlement, the schemes of its functional zones, the functionality of buildings, existing rules of land use and development, surveying and the functional zones of the park. The key plan was studied, the condition of the park space was photofixed, its advantages and disadvantages were outlined. The functional area zoning and stages of implementation of the master plan concept (I and II variants) were proposed, and analogues of suggested solutions were considered. The realization of the project will make the public
space of the settlement more up-to-date and comfortable.

The paper presents a project of a museum and ethnographic complex (on the example of the village Usalka, Tyumen Region), designed for the comprehensive development of rural areas. The authors considered the results of pre-project analysis of the territory (general information about the village, the typology of development, the specificity of wooden carvings), determined the design area. A set of current problems of the settlement was identified (among them: poor development of internal infrastructure, low level of housing quality, insufficient number of jobs and low incomes of villagers) and options to address them were found. As a result of the study, the main concept of the project, including volume-space and architectural planning solutions of the developed complex, was formed. The project is presented in the form of graphic material, plans, facades, sections, diagrams. 

Spatial development of ecological tourism territories is characterized by contradiction between recreational use and preservation of ecological and cultural heritage. Russian and foreign researchers devote their works to the objects of tourist territories. However, the principles of environmental education and behavioral norms are still poorly transferred through architecture. The authors propose representing the elements of the ecotourism territory arrangement as a unified information system in order to reduce the anthropogenic load. Each element of this system is subordinate, complements and is a continuation of the elements of higher ranks. This system addresses the main contradiction of ecotourism territories, and ecotourists move along the formed routes using norms and rules of environmental behavior. Visitor centers and ecological routes are identified as key elements of urban development of the ecotourism territory. They are characterized by ecological-educational, tourist-informational, cognitive-entertaining and research functions. The results of the study are important for systematization of knowledge in the field of ecotourism, as well as for the development of strategic territorial planning documents.