Критериальный метод оценки воздействия асфальтобетонных заводов на окружающую среду в промышленных зонах

В процессе работы асфальтобетонных заводов в промышленных зонах возникают экологические риски, связанные с загрязнением воздуха, почвы и водных ресурсов. Авторы ставили перед собой цель разработать и проверить на практике метод комплексной критериальной оценки такого негативного воздействия. В качестве объектов исследования были выбраны три асфальтобетонных завода с различными производственными мощностями и эффективностью газоочистки. Предложенный метод предполагает последовательную оценку пяти критериев: влияния на территорию, геологических условий, выбросов в атмосферу, деградации почв и загрязнения вод. Сбор данных включал изучение спутниковых снимков, кадастровые исследования, лабораторный анализ проб воздуха и почвы и полевые наблюдения. Полученные результаты подтверждают, что предприятия с более высокими производственными мощностями оказывают значительно большее негативное воздействие на окружающую среду: превышены допустимые уровни выбросов CO2 и NOx , что ведет к деградации почв и риску гидрогеологической нестабильности. Для нейтрализации негативного воздействия необходимы модернизация газоочистных установок, постоянный мониторинг качества воды и рекультивация почв. Метод комплексной критериальной оценки может быть применен и для оценки других промышленных объектов с аналогичными характеристиками.

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