No. 3 (2021): Architecture, Construction, Transport

The article reveals the semantic role of the architectural landscape of the capital in the process of searching for national identity and self-determination on the example of the new capital of Kazakhstan – Nur-Sultan. The genesis of the semantic code of the architectural element is determined – the turquoise dome, the features of its work in the structure of the semantic framework of the architectural environment of Nur-Sultan are analyzed. The author presents her own interpretation of the blue dome symbol as a phenomenon of the new Kazakh cultural and ideological paradigm.

Historically, Tyumen is a merchant city. Nevertheless, in the middle of the 19th century due to the development of the shipping industry, favorable environment was created for the emergence of various other production activities. This was also facilitated by the construction of the railway, which not only was of great strategic importance for the development of the city, but also led to the emergence of an interesting architectural ensemble of Tyumen station. Much of this ensemble has already been lost, but some parts have been preserved. This article will discuss the unique architecture and value of the railway station complex.

The article based on information modelling considers one of the tasks of developing an automated solution for constructing
computational schemes and specification materials for them for water supply and disposal – formation and programming of the calculation module of sustainable water consumption (construction of the computational scheme as a table).

In the construction of buildings and structures, nonhomogeneous (according to heat engineering characteristics) filler structures are often used. In this article, the object of research is one of these structures, namely a well brickwork with wells filled with various materials. It is used as exterior walls for low-rise houses, utility buildings and other structures. Currently, there are many materials for both wall construction and thermal insulation. Consequently, it is important to choose the most optimal (energy-efficient) version of the well brickwork, which provides the heat saving in the internal space of the building during the cold period. To calculate and analyze the thermophysical properties of the well brickwork, the approximate method of K.F. Fokin was used. According to it, calculations of thermal engineering parameters with the purpose to determine the reduced resistance to heat passage were performed. The article presents the results of these calculations, analyzes of the thermophysical properties and, based on the data obtained, selects the optimal options for enclosing structures in the form of a well brickwork for the climatic conditions of the city of Tyumen.

The article discusses the issues and results of the use of statistical modeling (one of the types of simulation modeling, the so-сalled "Monte Carlo" method), to assess the effectiveness of traffic management on the example of the Timofey Charkov st. and Verkhnetarmanskaya st. intersection, located in the city of Tyumen. The results are based on the length of the vehicle queue and traffic delay time for one car in the scenario of widening the intersection’s carriageway and/or the implementation of the adaptive regulation for traffic flows. The calculations were carried out in the "SmartAdaptive+" program developed by the authors, and designed for a technical and economic assessment of the effectiveness of traffic management measures and the use of adaptive regulation and measures to change the road network nodes configuration.

The article presents the author's approach to the pre-project analysis of the passenger service schemes on suburban, intercity
and international road transport. Studies on the directions and volume of traffic were carried out in several Urals cities. A bus traffic model from federal and regional roads to the bus station down the city's road network has been developed. The article
presents the algorithm for conducting a study of the bus traffic order from the bus station down the big city’s network of roads. The fundamental principles of the logistics approach to optimizing the region route network were established.

Due to the rapid growth of environmental pollution from mobile sources, the part of alternative fuels use is increasing. One of these for motor vehicle is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). This study focuses on the LPG use by Mitsubishi Lancer X passenger car in driving conditions. Based on the results of the previous studies analysis, the most significant factors affecting the change in fuel consumption by motor vehicles were identified. It was proved that the decrease in the ambient temperature from +30 to –20 °C leads to an increase in gas consumption from 11.2 to 13.6 l/100 km. In addition, at air temperatures from –20 °C and below, the gas-fueled engine is unstable.

The operation of the rolling stock at transport enterprises is connected with the influence of many factors, and due to their analysis, it is possible to determine the optimal service life of rolling stock to increase the economic efficiency of transport processes. The scientific novelty of the research is represented by the results of experimental data statistical processing that can be used to count the studied patterns models’ parameters for various vehicles and for empirical equations for predicting operating costs based on actual data are established.
The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the improvement of technical and economic methods for optimizing the service life of rolling stock based on open information without carrying out resource tests and long-term observations. This makes it possible to assess the operating costs with a high degree of reliability, reasonably form preferences in vehicle configuration and rationally determine the period of effective use, taking into account the type of fuel and the dynamics of
changes in the secondary market residual value. 

Residents of big cities value their time and increasingly use the services of online stores. The purchase of furniture is no exception. The article considers the process of drawing up and processing applications in order to improve the functioning
efficiency of vehicles that deliver furniture to the end consumer. The methodology of drawing up optimal routes for the transportation of furniture was developed. The influence of the main technical and operational indicators on the productivity of
the used cars was determined. The cost of furniture transportation by these cars was calculated. 

Spur gear is an integral part of transport and technological machines structure. To increase the load ability of the spur gear, chemical heat treatment of the working cogs surfaces is used. Spur gear with chemical heat treatment must be checked for deep contact strength. The article analyzes various methods (according to GOST 21354-87, methods using the generalized criterion of the limit state for structurally inhomogeneous material by Lebedev-Pisarenko, methods from the handbook describing reducers of power machines etc.) for calculating spur and helical gearing for deep contact strength. The author presents all necessary formulas and graphs for the implementation of each methods, and compares the calculations results
of these methods with the results of experimental studies of cemented cylindrical rollers for deep contact destruction.

Nowadays various tools for the successful implementation of projects are used. A set of Agile, Scrum, and Kanban methodologies helps us effectively plan, evaluate, work, communicate and make decisions. Modern software containing a wide
range of functionality and flexibility of interface settings helps to visualize the project progress as one of the most important tasks. The aim of the work is to find the most flexible and functional solution for the project activities of small groups. Various
solutions for effective teamwork are considered. The article contains the results of a comparative analysis of the Agile tools functionality presented on the market. Result of this analytical work is a set of options for collaboration optimal solution.