No. 2 (2023): Architecture, Construction, Transport

Certain barriers of natural or humaninduced origin inevitably arise in the structure of any city. They prevent free flow of human traffic through the urban fabric. One of these barriers is railroad. It is often the cause of negative processes that form inefficient urban planning. The purpose of the article is to determine the planning principles of organization of the passenger terminal. The article considers the main problems associated with the interjection of railway network into the structure of the city, and methods of solving them. Existing planning of Tyumen train station territory and its problematics are also described. The results of the analysis were applied in the design of a conceptual scheme for the transformation of the railway station into a transportation hub and can be used as the basis for the prospective development of the project.

The search for new opportunities in construction to achieve effective results, reduce labor intensity and shorten the time of construction of buildings is very relevant today. This article discusses the term of a construction printer, its operating principle. Examples of completed objects are given. Types of construction printers depending on the drive layout are defined. The materials used for extrusion and the basic composition of the concrete mixture for printing are described. The authors offer a comparison of three most common models of building 3D printers (Russian and foreign) for low-rise construction. Then they describe the model range of printers produced by Russia's leading plant "SPETSAVIA" and their types. The paper highlights the vectors of development in the field of construction printing. It has been justified the necessity of using a building printer in low-rise construction, named the advantages and disadvantages of this method of erecting buildings.

Nowadays, the calculation of masonry structures is based on studies and experiments of the past without taking into account the mechanical characteristics, which leads to overestimation or underestimation of the bearing capacity. Such an error affects the formation and development of cracks in structures. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop a methodology for calculating brickwork, taking into account the mechanical characteristics of its components. The purpose of this work is the numerically simulation and calculation of masonry structures by the method of homogenized characteristics of material on the example of a brick partition. As the object of research, the authors selected brick partition of the building on Zhukovsky Street, 28 in Tyumen. The subject of the study is the stress-strain state of the brickwork. The study was performed based on analytical calculation and numerical simulation in PC ANSYS and PC Lira. As a result, a method of calculating brickwork using the method
of homogenized material characteristics has been developed. The scope of application of the results is industrial and civil construction of buildings from masonry structures.

The article discusses the main goals of dynamic calculation of buildings and structures. The authors present a method for calculating a large-span steel spatial structure for seismic impacts using the Dynamics+ module in LIRA-CAD 2022 software package. The paper analyses the sequence of loading formation in the calculation scheme. It considers the cases when the calculation of buildings and structures for seismic impact must be carried out using accelerograms, seismograms or velocigrams. As a result, the authors obtained a calculation model that allows analyzing the dynamic behavior of a large-span spatial structure in different periods. Subsequently, it will be relevant for studying the resistance of this structure to progressive collapse under seismic impact. 

The article describes the main problems of engineering reinforced wooden structures associated with the justification of their reliability. Tasks to study the operation of a wooden reinforced beam taking into account the nonlinear operation of wood have been set and solved. A girder structure reinforced in the compressed and tensile zones by plate elements was used as the object of the research. To achieve the aims, the authors carried out an experimental study using strain-gauge equipment, numerical simulation of the structure in the ANSYS PC and analytical calculations. Based on the results, conclusions about the effectiveness of steel plate reinforcement in wooden beams have been made. The results can be applied in the engineering, and the developed structure can be used as the elements of the frame structures and as floor beams.

Issues of quality water supply are always relevant, because water is the source of life on Earth. The article deals with the design of linear water supply systems and identifies the main problems of their functioning. The authors present the results of studies of the projected reserve water pipeline from the Zamarayskoye groundwater deposit to the pumping stations in the Serovsky  urban district. It is found that the preparation of urban planning documentation is currently an important condition for the safe development of the territory. The purpose of such documentation is to form the boundaries of land for the placement of new engineering networks, in particular the water supply system. Safe water use is one of the main aspects of social state policy.

The article selects, studies and structures possible approaches to the assessment of the balance of transport services for the population of cities. The authors have been analyzed the experience in solving the problem of balance the system of transport services for the population of cities and some regulatory documents in the organization of passenger transportation, including those governing the optimization of the structure of public passenger transport. The paper presents ideas about the current level of balance of the Tyumen public passenger transport system. It has been formulated the conclusions about the relevance and prospects of this kind of research in relation to the transport service systems in large cities of the Russian Federation.

In this work, the task was to ensure the alignment of two intersecting metal wires to maintain the welding arc at all times. This need arose as a result of an experiment in cold spray metal plating. It revealed a problem that does not
allow maintaining a constant spraying process: the welding arc was unstable, because it did not ensure constant contact of differently charged metal wires. A description of the equipment used in the experiment (including both a real prototype and a three-dimensional model) and modifications of the existing mechanism to solve the identified problem is given. Also presented a general view of the modified design, as well as a separated three- dimensional model to show the fundamental design changes. As a result, a modified model of the housing, where the welding nozzles are located, has been developed. It is capable to ensure the adjustment of the welding nozzle position and, accordingly, to guarantee constant alignment of the two intersecting metal wires.

A variety of risks arises during the operation of a collecting cutting tool, which can lead to a decrease in its output. To increase the serviceability of the tool in the process of cutting it is necessary to identify, evaluate and, if possible, to minimize the negative impact of the consequences of one risks or another. For this purpose, an analysis of risk assessment methods in the context of industrial enterprises was conducted. As a result the most effective and popular in various industries solutions were identified.
During consideration of one of such methods – failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) – an overview of its current changes is presented. In addition, the author proposes her own method based on the FMEA method for risk assessment during the operation of collecting cutting tool, which includes, among other things, the detection of opportunities and their numerical interpretation.