No. 1 (2022): Architecture, Construction, Transport

The paper presents a project of a museum and ethnographic complex (on the example of the village Usalka, Tyumen Region), designed for the comprehensive development of rural areas. The authors considered the results of pre-project analysis of the territory (general information about the village, the typology of development, the specificity of wooden carvings), determined the design area. A set of current problems of the settlement was identified (among them: poor development of internal infrastructure, low level of housing quality, insufficient number of jobs and low incomes of villagers) and options to address them were found. As a result of the study, the main concept of the project, including volume-space and architectural planning solutions of the developed complex, was formed. The project is presented in the form of graphic material, plans, facades, sections, diagrams. 

This article explores the history and modernity of orthodox churches with a multi-level structure of liturgical spaces. The authors have defined a method of temple architecture, which consists in introducing relevant components of secular creative concepts to express the truths of Christianity through the interpretation of tradition. For the first time, the authors have identified for research a typological group of Christian churches with liturgical spaces located at various levels with their visual unification. A typology of the studied historical spatial solutions have developed. A modern understanding of the tradition development of the multi-level structure of liturgical premises involving the concept of architectural space have proposed. There were developed the compositional schemes of churches: the placement of chapels or galleries at different levels relative to the main liturgical space; the creation of a unified multi-level liturgical space with a descent to the altar; the spatial system of the semi-underground crypt and the altar.

The article considers the main problems associated with the oily wastewater treatment. The use of vegetable raw materials for the production of oil sorbents makes it possible to obtain a costeffective material and solve the problem of waste disposal. The task of searching for optimal methods of phytosorbents modification in order to improve their characteristics is posed. The authors give the description and present the results of the experiment on the modification of sorbents using microwave radiation and solutions of citric and acetic acids. There were determined the main sorption parameters for native and modified samples: oil capacity, sorption capacity under static and dynamic conditions. The conclusion about the practical application of the investigated phytosorbents in wastewater treatment technologies from dissolved oil products was made.

The article proposes a mechanism for determining the cost effective alternative for wall structures using the price index to the unit of heat conductivity of the material. This method makes it possible to find the optimum ratio of the required heat conductivity to the cost per square meter of the wall. For this purpose, the variants of wall constructions for low-rise building offered by organizations of the Yekaterinburg city were analyzed. The statistical data of the wall fencing materials using was given, and their main advantages were listed. The software heat engineering calculations for different variants of the wall fencing of the low-rise construction were carried out. During the calculation, the parameter of the heat transfer resistance was determined. To find the ratio of the price index per unit of heat transfer resistance, the cost per square meter of material was calculated and based on that the most cost effective alternative for low-rise construction in the Sverdlovsk region was selected.

This article focuses on the creation of more efficient designs of shallow foundations. The ways of optimizing the designs of pile foundations and strip foundations, as well as some nonstandard foundations with rarely used ("atypical") construction are reviewed; the advantages and disadvantages of various solutions and their features are outlined.

The paper presents an analysis of existing equipment for assessing the strength of road pavements on highways. The strength assessment on some streets in the city of Tyumen in the autumn-winter-spring period was performed. For this purpose, the method of static loading with a deflectometer was used, as well as a portable device. A functional dependence that makes it possible to estimate the modulus of elasticity using a portable device was obtained, and regular changes in strength during seasonal freezing and thawing of the structure were established.

Currently, there is a high need to determine the shortest distances to form freight and passenger transportation routes. One of the most effective ways to determine routes of minimum length are methods of finding the shortest distances in a graph. The article discusses algorithms for finding shortest distances, as well as other methods based on the principles of their operation. It was conducted a comparative analysis to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using these methods in routing tasks.

The paper investigates the effect of an inclination angle of a straight pipeline on the gas-liquid two-phase flow regime at the same inlet conditions. The homogeneous Volume of Fluid (VOF) model in Ansys Fluent is used in this study for simulating the spread of the gas phase, changes in the entrance region and establishing of the multiphase flow regime. The authors consider
a horizontal, vertical and inclined (60 degrees) pipelines where the stratified, bubbly and churn flow regimes are formed respectively, and the results are presented in terms of the gas phase distribution in the volume of the carrying liquid and the velocity field.