The phenomenon of urban parks integration and accessibility on the Macau Peninsula
https://doi.org/10.31660/2782-232X-2026-1-8-25
EDN: ofyllb
Abstract
This study presents a quantitative analysis of the Macau Peninsula’s road network (China) and the accessibility of its urban parks using Space Syntax methods, based on three key indicators: global integration, local integration, and attractiveness density. The findings indicate that urban parks in the central part of the Macau Peninsula exhibit relatively high global integration values. Furthermore, parks located near the historical center generally demonstrate high levels of accessibility. Urban parks with high local integration feature a clear internal path network and are saturated with diverse landscape nodes. Conversely, low local integration in other parks is attributed to internal path constrains caused by the terrain and the specific ways these parks connect to the surrounding street network. An analysis of attractiveness density reveals, that under the influence of varying cultural contexts, urban parks are integrated within highly diverse urban fabric. At the same time, the analysis of the internal structure of urban parks in Macau reveals that their landscape structure is a complex system consisting of three components: material form, behavioral functions, and cultural semantics. An optimization strategy for these parks, based on an "axial planning – transport configuration – rethinking value structure" model, has been developed to enhance their overall landscape value.
About the Authors
Jingxuan LiuRussian Federation
Jingxuan Liu - Postgraduate in the Department of Technical Aesthetics and Design, Saint Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Art and Design.
Saint Petersburg, 13 Solyanoy Lane, 191028
N. I. Barsukova
Russian Federation
Natalia I. Barsukova - Dr. Sci. (Art), Professor, Chief Researcher, Saint Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Art and Design.
Saint Petersburg, 13 Solyanoy Lane, 191028
References
1. Alexander C., Ishikawa S., Silverstein M., Jacobson M., Fiksdahl-King I., Angel Sh., Jacobsohn N. A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction. New York: Oxford University Press; 1977.
2. Alexander C. The timeless way of building. New York: Oxford University Press; 1979.
3. Hillier B., Hanson J. The social logic of space. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press; 1989.
4. Rodyashina K. Ye. The concept of space syntax in the methodology of regeneration of depressed urban areas. In: IX Mezhdunarodnyy forum «Obrazovaniye. Nauka. Proizvodstvo», Belgorod, October 1–10, 2017. Belgorod: BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov; 2017. P. 1567–1574. (In Russ.) URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/zajejf
5. Sinitsyna I. A. Space syntax tool adaptation for urban development analysis. Architecture and Modern Information Technologies. 2022;(2):129–141. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24412/1998-4839-2022-2-129-141
6. Barsukova N. I. To the question of universals in artistic and design activities. Ergodesign. 2021;(1):49–56. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30987/2658-4026-2021-1-49-56
7. Zhukova I. V., Barsukova N. I. Multifunctionality as a Basic Principle of Design. Culture and Art. 2023;(3):25–40. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2023.3.39940
8. Sauer C. O. The morphology of landscape. University of California Publications in Geography. 1925;2(2):19–53. URL: http://www.ecoology.org/wp-content/uploads/Carl-Ortwin-Sauer.pdf
9. Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy V. P. Region and country. Moscow, Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoye izdatel'stvo; 1928. (In Russ.)
10. John A. J. The visual elements of landscape. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press; 1987.
11. Hillier B. Space is the machine: a configurational theory of architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.
12. Zhou Lin, Jin Shan, Chen Keshi, Wang Liwei. Multi-scale morphological evolution of historic centre: the case study of small park open port area, Shantou. Modern Urban Research. 2015;(7):68–76. (In Chinese) URL: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=esvOG1ozB-jaAUi0ij0T0byuVsu6L-UBgtL8_i20CzRlhkYkA1Sr0k-R9c25rBkGeLPUAVVFFICLqzKyYobH3xJrWpg_KW3wPYeTmEqVhhz1BBdxLTDQhs4jXNcXEJO1_wFGhwuKIlkuulr435p8tgtnJERmEe8unkfIJ-YiRLs=&uniplatform=OVERSEA
13. Duan Jin, Shao Rongqing, Bill Hiller. Spatial Research 3 – Spatial syntax and urban planning. Nanjing: Publishing House of the Southeastern University; 2007. (In Chinese)
14. Dashiev T. A. Efficiency evaluation of urban planning in Irkutsk using space syntax methods. Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost. 2021;11(4):690-703. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2021-4-690-703
15. Li Xiaoqiong, Xu Leran. Spatial analysis and activation path analysis of Nanping village based on spatial syntax. Design Research. 2022;12(6):30–40. (In Chinese) URL: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=esvOG1ozB-gjRM2Y0LlUPseemNwIX5xd0g5RhxH25ZHcqkviacfU1-_nZvzHjQY_VZEbNF3C3NzvhvNHy0iIpTh2kTrQi5FDGh6k-1N_jB-dJ5pn7JEH36oHS8OjbG4oac7UIn2Ckhke_M1QSrSdZtartifBJSsorWelymPUk0I=&uniplatform=OVERSEA
16. Barsukova N. I., Fomina E. V. Linearity as a compositional technique of open urban spaces design. Vestnik GSU. (In Russ.) https://www.vestnik-ggu.ru/arhiv_nomera/5_2023/И%20Барсукова,%20Фомина%2014-24.pdf
17. Nefedov V. A. Landscape design and environmental sustainability. Saint Petersburg: Poligrafist; 2002. (In Russ.)
18. Fu Yifan, Yang Fan, Bao Zhiyi. Research on accessibility of Hangzhou comprehensive parks based on spatial syntax and LBS big data. Landscape Architecture. 2021;28(2):69–75. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.14085/j.fjyl.2021.02.0069.07
19. Gu Kang, Liang Bing. Research on the accessibility of the parks along the city wall of Ming Dynasty in Nanjing based on space syntax. Modern Urban Research. 2020;(8):11–17. (In Chinese) URL: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=esvOG1ozB-ha0Gtd79FF-dKntL7cDbiOmKJZiMURlH2JzKL8u9M-6zRXqDsoJkaIpW4hxejgNDALHO69pUdMdHVrzoDGhglB-7P-oFnI1UqLbjMXqpwj_n85MhBMsmMHQhevBPsnhYuDBH9WlvMa5B8OBhXzCkGavHVapKowxXw=&uniplatform=OVERSEA
20. Liu Wenxiang. The research on the Investigation of urban green space and landscape design in Macau. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2017. (In Chinese) URL: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=esvOG1ozB-hYRpFBS6LxOSGpURnqJKXyfY4ItI5Ah1IJaMZgo61a9NIkQmYrLGIOwYRh2Njsn6MGF8GvzrIa4whu-_-5zPULQ9QGHSIUHW3xpFd6fE-2eTE3t_llSeb3WedffOcWtnBwknU2TdqJSdW9CR24aOdsKEe526G2MYs=&uniplatform=OVERSEA
21. Zhang Yuyang, Sun Yating, Yao Chonghuai. The application of spatial syntax in the accessibility study of urban parks – a case study of Wuhan. Chinese Landscape Architecture. 2019;35(11):92–96. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.14085/10.19775/j.cla.2019.11.0092
Review
For citations:
Liu J., Barsukova N.I. The phenomenon of urban parks integration and accessibility on the Macau Peninsula. Architecture, Construction, Transport. 2026;6(1):8-25. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31660/2782-232X-2026-1-8-25. EDN: ofyllb
JATS XML








