astАрхитектура, строительство, транспортArchitecture, Construction, Transport2782-232X2713-0770Industrial University of Tyumen10.31660/2782-232X-2024-2-67-83ast-160Research ArticleСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВОCONSTRUCTIONСейсмическая защита зданий и сооружений с применением метаматериалов: текущее состояние и перспективы развитияSeismic protection of buildings and structures using metamaterials: current status and development prospectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-5118МитрошинВ. А.MitroshinV. A.

Митрошин Василий Александрович, старший преподаватель кафедры строительной и теоретической механики

Москва

Vasilii A. Mitroshin, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Theoretical and Structural Mechanics

Moscow

mitroshinva@mgsu.ruНациональный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет (НИУ МГСУ)РоссияNational Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NRU MGSU)Russian Federation202428062024026783Copyright © Митрошин В.А., 20242024Митрошин В.А.Mitroshin V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ast.tyuiu.ru/jour/article/view/160

Ввиду уплотнения и увеличения этажности городской застройки в мире растет число исследований в области защиты зданий и сооружений от сейсмических волн, поскольку распространяющийся в массиве грунта волновой сейсмический фронт способен привести к колоссальным разрушениям и массовым жертвам. Наиболее распространенными методами сейсмозащиты зданий и сооружений в гражданском строительстве в настоящее время являются конструктивные и территориальные способы. Первый метод включает комплекс конструктивных мероприятий, среди которых важное место занимает применение сейсмоизоляторов – специальных устройств, вводимых в фундамент и снижающих инерционные сейсмические воздействия на строительные конструкции. Второй способ предполагает использование различных барьеров на пути распространения сейсмических волн. В последние годы явно обозначилась тенденция поиска новых подходов к территориальной сейсмозащите. Анализ академических баз данных позволил выявить большое число исследований (преимущественно зарубежных), посвященных разработке способов защиты зданий и сооружений от волнового воздействия с помощью различного рода композиционных структур – метаматериалов. Эти способы некоторые исследователи условно делят на две группы: одни выполняют задачи маскировки, когда волновой фронт отклоняется и огибает защищаемый объект, другие создают искусственную теневую зону, в которой сейсмические волны затухают, не оказывая существенного влияния на здания и сооружения. Так как для российской науки разработка сейсмических метаматериалов пока является новым, но, безусловно, перспективным направлением исследований, целью данного обзора была систематизация имеющихся сведений о способах эффективной защиты зданий и сооружений от волновых воздействий.

Due to the compaction of urban development and increase in its number of floors, the number of studies in the field of protection of buildings and structures from seismic waves is growing in the world, as the wave seismic front in the soil mass can lead to enormous destruction and mass casualties. The most common methods of seismic protection of buildings and structures in civil engineering today are constructive and territorial methods. The first method includes a set of structural measures, among of them an important place is occupied by the use of seismic isolators – special devices inserted into the foundation and reducing inertial seismic effects on building structures. The second way is the use of various barriers in the path of seismic wave propagation. In recent years, there has been a clear trend towards finding new approaches to territorial seismic protection. The analysis of academic databases revealed a large number of studies (mostly foreign) devoted to the development of ways to protect buildings and structures from wave action using various kinds of composite structures – metamaterials. Some researchers conditionally divide these methods into two groups: the first performs the tasks of masking, when the wave front deviates and wraps around the protected object, and the second creates an artificial shadow zone where seismic waves are damped without significantly affecting buildings and structures. Since the development of seismic metamaterials is still a new but certainly promising area of research for Russian science, the purpose of this review was to systematise the available data on the methods of effective protection of buildings and structures from wave impacts.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.