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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ast</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архитектура, строительство, транспорт</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Architecture, Construction, Transport</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-232X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0770</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Industrial University of Tyumen</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31660/2782-232X-2024-2-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ast-155</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АРХИТЕКТУРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARCHITECTURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модель архитектурно-пространственных принципов для обеспечения адаптации людей с аутизмом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Model of architectural and spatial guidelines for the adaptation of people with autism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огнева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogneva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Огнева Мария Александровна, ассистент-стажер кафедры архитектуры и градостроительства</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariia A. Ogneva, Intern-Assistant at the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mariogneva09@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулачковский</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulachkovskiy</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулачковский Валерий Николаевич, доцент кафедры архитектуры и градостроительства</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriy N. Kulachkovskiy, Associate Professor at the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vnktyumen@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Industrial University of Tyumen</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Огнева М.А., Кулачковский В.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Огнева М.А., Кулачковский В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ogneva M.A., Kulachkovskiy V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ast.tyuiu.ru/jour/article/view/155">https://ast.tyuiu.ru/jour/article/view/155</self-uri><abstract><p>В основу проектируемой архитектурной среды в большинстве случаев закладывают интересы нейротипичных пользователей, которые не соответствуют потребностям людей с ментальными особенностями. Актуальность использования определенных архитектурных решений для аутичных людей обоснована их чувствительностью к внешним раздражителям, а также статистикой с возросшими показателями диагностики аутизма. В результате анализа теоретических трудов зарубежных исследователей и архитекторов, а также с учетом современной архитектуры для людей с расстройствами аутистического спектра была разработана модель архитектурно-пространственных принципов. В ее основе – пять видов взаимодействия аутичного человека и пространства: ощущение себя в личном пространстве; ощущение себя в общественном пространстве; восприятие пространства вокруг себя; сенсорное ощущение пространства; сенсорная перегрузка. Модель учитывает степень взаимодействия человека и пространства, а также выявляет основные рекомендуемые направления в проектировании для людей с аутизмом: дифференциация, зонирование, последовательность, связь внутренней среды и внешней, конкретные архитектурные решения. Описанный в модели подход к проектированию позволит адаптировать аутичных людей к потенциальному взаимодействию с окружающей средой, а также может оказать благоприятное воздействие на остальные группы пользователей по принципу «эффекта бордюра» (явление, при котором решения, направленные на преобразование условий жизни конкретной уязвимой группы пользователей, помогают обществу в целом). Модель может быть применена в качестве руководства при архитектурном проектировании, а также быть использована для будущих теоретических исследований в данной области.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Current architectural environment mostly accounts for the interests of its neurotypical users, which do not correspond with the needs of people with neurodiversity. The relevance of using certain architectural solutions for autistic people is based on their sensitivity to external stimuli, as well as statistics with increased rates of autism diagnoses. After analyzing theoretical works of foreign researchers and architects, and taking into account modern architectural solutions for people with autism spectrum disorder, we developed a model of architectural and spatial guidelines. It was based on five types of interaction between the autistic person and space: sense of self in personal space; sense of self in public space; perception of space around self; sensory sense of space; and sensory overload. The model considers the relationship between the person and the space, and prioritizes approaches to autism-friendly design such as differentiation, zoning, gradation, linking the external and internal environment, and specific architectural solutions. This design approach will adapt autistic people to interact with the environment in future, and may have a positive impact on the other user groups through "the curb-cut effect" (a phenomenon when solutions aimed at transforming the living conditions of a specific vulnerable user group help society as a whole). The model can be applied as a guide in architectural design and can also be used for future theoretical research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутизм</kwd><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>дружелюбная к аутизму среда</kwd><kwd>сенсорный подход</kwd><kwd>сенсорная архитектура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autism</kwd><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>autism-friendly design</kwd><kwd>sensory approach</kwd><kwd>sensory architecture</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lobar, S. L. 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